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Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go… (Part 2)
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Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go… (Part 2)

Bioservices, Blog, Immuno-Oncology

Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go… (Part 2)

What molecules can modulate the immune response? What are examples of those being developed as therapeutics? This is Part 2 of our series, “Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go…”. Miss Part 1? Catch up here. What are some of the molecules that inhibit immune response currently being developed? As mentioned in Part 1, therapeutics against checkpoint inhibitor molecules, such as CTLA-4 and PD-1, are currently approved for certain indications while also undergoing clinical trials for others. In addition, trials are underway for therapeutics that target PD-L1, the ligand for PD-1, which is found to be up-regulated in [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:24:55-08:00June 7th, 2016|Bioservices, Blog, Immuno-Oncology|0 Comments

Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go… (Part 1)
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Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go… (Part 1)

Bioservices, Blog, Immuno-Oncology

Immuno-Oncology: I-O, I-O, Off to Fighting Cancer We Go… (Part 1)

What is I-O? What are checkpoint inhibitors? What is immuno-oncology? The field of immuno-oncology, also known as cancer immunotherapy, is centered on mobilizing the immune system to attack cancer cells and eradicate tumors. With this approach, therapeutics target molecules on lymphocytes that will either activate them or keep them from being inactivated, in order to sustain the immune response. With a sustained response, the immune system can search for and eliminate cancerous cells and tumors. Many years of research and development went into targeting these types of molecules on lymphocytes and, finally, with the approval of Yervoy® (ipilimumab, www.yervoy.com/) by [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:25:02-08:00May 10th, 2016|Bioservices, Blog, Immuno-Oncology|0 Comments

ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System (Part 2)
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ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System (Part 2)

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Bioservices, Blog, In-Vitro Bioservices

ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System (Part 2)

What is ADCC and why would you need it? This is Part 2 of our series, “ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System”. Miss Part 1? Catch up here. Potential Applications & Implications for ADCC assays As alluded to in Part 1, one of the most important applications for ADCC assays is to identify candidate therapeutic antibodies that can mediate ADCC activity. Originally thought to prevent downstream signaling of the target receptor by blocking its oligomerization or engagement to ligands, most therapeutic antibodies are now suggested to work through multiple mechanisms, including ADCC. Thus, many companies screen their therapeutic antibody candidates [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:25:10-08:00December 8th, 2015|Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Bioservices, Blog, In-Vitro Bioservices|0 Comments

ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System (Part 1)
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ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System (Part 1)

Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Bioservices, Blog, In-Vitro Bioservices

ADCC: The Antibody Awakens…the Immune System (Part 1)

What is ADCC and why would you need it? What is Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity? Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC) is the lysis of target cells mediated by antibodies that recruit effector cells to the target. This is achieved when the antigen recognition domain of the antibody binds antigen on the target, and the Fc domain of the antibody binds Fc receptors on effector cells. This engagement of Fc receptors results in activation of the effector cells and the subsequent release of cytolytic molecules towards the target to promote lysis. What are the molecules and effector cell types involved in ADCC? Several [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:25:17-08:00November 17th, 2015|Antibody-Dependent Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity, Bioservices, Blog, In-Vitro Bioservices|0 Comments

The Power of Complements… (Part 2)
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The Power of Complements… (Part 2)

Bioservices, Blog, Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity, In-Vitro Bioservices

The Power of Complements… (Part 2)

What is CDC and why would you need it? This is Part 2 of our series, “The Power of Complements…”. Miss Part 1? Catch up here. Potential applications & implications for CDC assays As alluded to in Part 1, one of the most important applications for CDC assays is to determine if a potential therapeutic antibody can mediate CDC activity. Originally thought to only prevent downstream signaling of the target receptor by blocking its oligomerization or engagement to ligands, most therapeutic antibodies are now suggested to work through multiple mechanisms, including CDC activity. Thus, many companies screen their therapeutic antibody [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:25:25-08:00July 22nd, 2015|Bioservices, Blog, Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity, In-Vitro Bioservices|0 Comments

The Power of Complements… (Part 1)
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The Power of Complements… (Part 1)

Bioservices, Blog, Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity, In-Vitro Bioservices

The Power of Complements… (Part 1)

What is CDC and why would you need it? What is Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity? Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity (CDC) is a form of cytotoxicity mediated by the host organism’s complement system. Components of the complement system become activated by three main mechanisms and all pathways lead to the formation of the membrane attack complex (MAC) on a target cell or organism. This MAC creates an opening in the plasma membrane of the cell or organism to drive death by osmotic lysis. What is the complement system and what are its associated pathways? A host organism’s complement system consists of over 30 proteins, including [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:26:04-08:00June 2nd, 2015|Bioservices, Blog, Complement-Dependent Cytotoxicity, In-Vitro Bioservices|0 Comments

Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 2)
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Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 2)

Bioservices, Blog, Cytokine Release Assay, Safety Assessment

Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 2)

Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 2) Considerations for CRAs? This is Part 2 of our series, “Cytokine Storms a-brewing…”. Miss Part 1? Catch up here. When are cytokine release assays (CRA) required? In the case of TGN1412, the biologic was an antibody. However, any product- whether a large biological molecule or small chemical- that has the potential to interact with the immune system should be tested. Furthermore, products targeting membrane-bound antigens could pose a higher risk for promoting cytokine release. Given that cancer immunotherapy is an increasingly popular field and many of its targets modulate the immune system, the products designed [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-19T13:25:50-08:00August 12th, 2014|Bioservices, Blog, Cytokine Release Assay, Safety Assessment|0 Comments

Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 1)
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Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 1)

Bioservices, Blog, Cytokine Release Assay, Safety Assessment

Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 1)

Cytokine Storms a-brewing… (Part 1) What is a cytokine storm? A cytokine storm, or cytokine release syndrome (CRS), is a clinical event resulting from the infusion of antibody therapies in patients. The patients experience a massive release of pro-inflammatory cytokines, which leads to debilitating symptoms, severe multi-organ failure, and the need for advanced medical care1. Needless to say, this is an unwanted side-effect of the biologic. TGN1412 One of the most well documented cases of a biologic that caused a cytokine storm is TGN1412, an anti-CD28 “superagonist” antibody that was proposed to treat certain autoimmune diseases and hematologic cancers2. While [...]

By iQ Biosciences|2021-12-20T09:15:00-08:00July 18th, 2014|Bioservices, Blog, Cytokine Release Assay, Safety Assessment|0 Comments

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